Unfortunately, not a time traveler. That would be something else, finding a 4000 year old grave with someone with composite fillings, titanium bone implants, wearing the remains of a smartphone in various jewelry / clothing and, knowing how these things go, having a deeply engraved granite slab with a message to the future, something like "don't invent time travel!" or "do not Awaken the Dreamer!"
arethuza 1 days ago [-]
Or as the Eschaton puts it "Thou shalt not violate causality within my historic light cone. Or else."
Andrex 2 hours ago [-]
After Googling this quote I have a new book to read, thank you
InDubioProRubio 1 days ago [-]
Raining Telephones and Curators!
vasco 14 hours ago [-]
A time traveler would've likely had his stuff stolen, or the grave pillaged. Probably easier to check what kind of dental work they had.
comrh 12 hours ago [-]
Archimedes with a wrist watch.
libertine 1 days ago [-]
> Unfortunately, not a time traveler.
That's what They want you to believe!, for sure some conspiracy theorists will run with this, and probably be guests on Joe Rogan Podcast.
Back in the USSR the German graves weren't respected to say the least. The gravesites were usually unmarked. There was a segment of people whose "hobby" was to raid those graves for the various artifacts - daggers, golden teeth, watches and whatever else given buried German soldier had on him, whether of his own or that he may have collected as his "hobby" during the invasion.
A soldier had to carry everything with him, and as we know from the documents of the time the gold and watches were naturally among the most frequent loot items carried by them (sidenote: widespread motorized infantry armor has changed the game since then - the BTRs and BMPs in the Chechen war for example were full of rags and electronics that the Russian soldiers looted from the Chechen homes). The soldier in the article seems to have correctly decided that the ancient coins 1. may be more valuable than gold, 2. there is less competition looting local historic museum, and 3. if you're taken prisoner carrying those ancient artifacts you're less likely to be shot as a marauder than with say a pocket full of golden teeth - even today in this article they call him a "numismatics enthusiast".
aquova 1 days ago [-]
Very interesting find. I think it's not uncommon to find many eras of artifacts in the same site, simply because sites ranging back even to the neolithic continue to be used as time goes on. My layman assumption is that this was a decent sized community for a number of centuries that eventually died out, which this German solider happened to die on top of during the war.
postepowanieadm 1 days ago [-]
It's more prosaic: he was carrying precious artifacts with him.
cbogie 1 days ago [-]
spoils of war, spoiled
MrMcCall 4 hours ago [-]
spoiler, spoiled
self_awareness 1 hours ago [-]
This German soldier probably has stolen it from somewhere or someone, like soldiers attacking other countries do.
mkl 19 hours ago [-]
Tangentially, this site, https://www.labrujulaverde.com/en/, is fascinating! I spent a couple of hours this morning reading other articles.
sgt 11 hours ago [-]
Those coins seem so round and perfectly created to be ancient ones. Are we sure the photo matches the actual find?
codr7 23 hours ago [-]
Given the Nazi interest in ancient cultures I find the hobby-theory to be the least likely explanation.
thaumasiotes 22 hours ago [-]
The Nazis were intensely interested in ancient cultures; why do you think they called themselves "Aryans" and represented themselves with a swastika?
wongarsu 21 hours ago [-]
There is also a popular series of Hollywood movies about an American professor of archeology who tries to prevent the Nazis from finding priceless historic artifacts. And while the American involvement is an invention of George Lucas, high-ranking Nazis searching for the Holy Grail and Thor's Hammer very much did happen.
chgs 4 hours ago [-]
Quite suitable that the American protagonist did nothing to affect the plot or outcome, was just along for the ride.
readyplayernull 21 hours ago [-]
We never left mysticism.
carschno 13 hours ago [-]
"We" may be a bit over-generalized, but mysticism and superstition are certainly essential for totalitarian ideologies.
> people even of supposedly “normal” mind are prepared to accept systems of delusions for the simple reason that it is too difficult to distinguish such systems from the equally inexorable and equally opaque one under which they actually have to live out their lives. This is pretty well reflected by astrology as well by the two brands of totalitarian states which also claim to have a key for everything, know all the answers, reduce the complex to simple and mechanical inferences, doing away with anything that is strange and unknown and at the same time fail to explain anything.
I suppose it is easy to find evidence in today's society as well.
codr7 18 hours ago [-]
I know, which is why I said the coins and other stuff found is likely not the hobby of a single soldier.
mossTechnician 1 days ago [-]
I thought there was a more concise way to write "German WWII soldier".
aguaviva 1 days ago [-]
Because they weren't all in the category you're referring to, of course.
To misunderstand this (and apply the N-word to all of the regime's footsoldiers and helpers) is to fundamentally midunderstand how the dictatorship worked, and got so many millions of ordinary people to trudge along and do its dirty work. Or to at least shut up and try not to think too much about whatever they saw and heard.
BenFranklin100 1 hours ago [-]
The N-word? Jesus Christ.
kQq9oHeAz6wLLS 14 minutes ago [-]
You can say Nazi, it's okay. Better to remember history than to bury it in obscurities.
veltas 9 hours ago [-]
I think it is respectful and appropriate, this is someone who died fighting in war who we don't really know anything about. Could even be closely related to people today. We don't know if they were a member of the 'party', or how they felt about it, or anything. This is a fallen individual.
Snoozus 2 hours ago [-]
Even if all soldiers had been nazis, not all nazis were soldiers.
So definetly not equivalent.
More than a purely academic point of view, the distinction actually does matter. It's the difference between someone who affirmatively made a choice to join the Nazi organization and someone who simply didn't actively decide to dodge the draft or desert. The level of agency invested into the Nazi cause varies dramatically, and it's useful to have language that can distinguish between those shades.
We can get into philosophical discussions about whether it's worse to affirmatively support evil than to just go with the flow and not make waves either way, but that's more than an academic discussion—it has real relevance for today.
qwer1234321 4 hours ago [-]
I'm inhabitant of a country Germans tried to anihilate in 1939. Germany of 1939 is usually called Nazi Germany here, still- it's Germany. Same as Soviet Russia who attacked 17 days later- it was Russia, not some misterious nation called Soviets. These are language cover-ups. I do acknowledge there had been many Germans who chose death rather than to join their countrymen in horrible crimes, and I admire those who did not join. Unfortunately orders of magnitude more volunteered and were actively taking part in German death machinery.
wutwutwat 1 days ago [-]
Every soldier in the German military at that time was a nazi soldier. They reported to hitler, who was the person who brought the nazi party into power, the party who controlled the government and military. They took orders from nazis. They were nazis.
Their officers had skulls on their uniforms. They were rounding up and slaughtering people they viewed as less than them, they had posters in the streets painting them as rodents and infections.
Nobody saw all of that and said “well, I don’t want to dodge a draft, I better just sign up and do this evil shit, it’s my moral duty to serve”. Nobody was blind to what was happening and nobody accidentally went and did those things without believing they were somehow right. They were doing those things because they wanted to, the same way everything any person does when they have something that they have the power over to choose between.
Edit: not sure why I’m getting downvoted. Downvote the people trying to claim German soldiers in wwII were not nazis.
bryanrasmussen 23 hours ago [-]
As much as I dislike Nazis I'm going to have to disagree, there were Germans who were not Nazis in all walks of life including the military, and even every member of the Nazi party was not necessarily bad - Oskar Schindler was, after all, a member of the Nazi party.
>Nobody saw all of that and said “well, I don’t want to dodge a draft...
Nobody saw all of that and said, shit if I dodge the draft they may give me the death penalty, no wait I'm wrong - that's exactly what they said.
You also do not seem to have any particular dividing line between say, soldiers who were underage (later years of war) or actual adults?
This article on American slavery seems to pertain here too https://medium.com/luminasticity/what-makes-you-think-you-wo... - what makes you think you would have been better - not you now, but a you born in Germany during the great Depression, came of age as World War II started, drafted into the Army but because of your character you would be able to stand against your society, your friends, the law and say no, I won't go. I'm not saying that's impossible, but it is rare.
On what grounds of your character do you think you would be better than most of the population at that time? What great wrong have you opposed to your detriment and personal danger?
Again - it may be that you would be better than almost everybody else at the time. But it seems more people think they would be than seems statistically possible, based on nothing other than being born "now" and knowing it is wrong "now", I would like some sterner examples of character to back up the moral self-regard.
wutwutwat 23 hours ago [-]
Disagree with facts all you want. I don’t care. Neither do the facts.
> After the death of President Paul von Hindenburg on 2 August 1934, Adolf Hitler assumed the office of President of Germany, and thus became commander in chief. In February 1934, the Defence Minister Werner von Blomberg, acting on his own initiative, had all of the Jews serving in the Reichswehr given an automatic and immediate dishonorable discharge.[33] Again, on his own initiative Blomberg had the armed forces adopt Nazi symbols into their uniforms in May 1934.[34] In August of the same year, on Blomberg's initiative and that of the Ministeramt chief General Walther von Reichenau, the entire military took the Hitler oath, an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.
The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
bryanrasmussen 23 hours ago [-]
gee, I didn't disagree with any of that - I said that if people did not accept the draft they would be prosecuted and often received the death penalty, although also they could just be sent to a camp and worked to death.
I also said that towards the end of the war Germany used underage soldiers - meaning as young as 16, I did not directly ask but implied that perhaps you did not think that underage soldiers were as culpable of being Nazis as the adults, but I see now by your strong commitment to your moral stature that I was wrong.
I finally asked just what makes you think you would have been good and able to resist the pressure to go in the army, which you didn't answer. You have done an admirable job in opposing every response to you with copy pasted Wikipedia content it's true, but I'm afraid I wanted some more hard-nosed and non-online behaviors to confirm the ability to stand against evil.
spectralglitch 19 hours ago [-]
Alternatively, I think there is value in modern culture setting a high bar on this, if we could manage it. Perhaps it's better not to preemptively excuse the easier path of aligning w/ fascist causes, even to avoid one's own persecution. Better to reinforce that such alignment is reducing yourself, for future observers at least, to a similar distinction (despite of course the overwhelming cruelty of such a fate). I fear this ship is sailing however.
lolinder 18 hours ago [-]
> Perhaps it's better not to preemptively excuse the easier path of aligning w/ fascist causes, even to avoid one's own persecution. Better to reinforce that such alignment is reducing yourself, for future observers at least, to a similar distinction
I don't think that's what this everyone-was-a-Nazi language is accomplishing, though. When someone uses the word "Nazi" they mean someone who is entirely unlike themselves or most people they know.
If we lean into this language, we risk forgetting that the vast majority of Germans in the 1930s were no different than the vast majority of us today—they had lives, jobs, families, and they looked the other way or even participated because they didn't want to rock the boat and risk those things. They were not Nazis, they were just citizens, but they enabled genocide.
I don't think that embracing the label "Nazi" for everyday Germans who never joined the party (and maybe even voted against Hitler when there was still a vote!) will scare people into standing up if they end up in a similar situation, it will just serve to create the sense that "1930s Germany was a really awful place with a lot of awful people and aren't I glad that I don't live there?"
If we take the approach instead of talking about how many ordinary people aided and abetted the Nazi cause by being silent—how they committed war crimes without ever being a Nazi—I think that will actually be more effective at teaching people how to avoid recreating the Third Reich.
chgs 4 hours ago [-]
On the other hand people look at themselves and their neighbours and think “can’t happen here because we aren’t nazis”
Doesn’t take many people to actually hold a nazi ideology to make it come to pass.
After all, “ The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing”
Simplifying into “nazi” and “not nazi” is not helpful
mlyle 2 hours ago [-]
That's a valid point.
Also:
Nazi imagery now symbolizes ultimate evil, but that's the effect of history and reflection and cultural symbols changing. Fascism, including in 1930s Germany, is always packaged up in appealing packaging. It seems appealing, promising national revival and cherished values.
People didn't sign up for overt evil; they got swept up in something that appeared reasonable and popular, or just said nothing about the same.
This is the real lesson that I think we're losing; that it's possible to be an ordinary person of ordinary good morals, and to support terrible crimes happening if one isn't careful.
spectralglitch 18 hours ago [-]
Yes, I could indeed see that being the more effective approach to stir reflection in those who would reflexively & categorically reject any such association with the label. Cheers.
mlyle 2 hours ago [-]
Are conscripts in conquered lands that were forced to serve also "Nazi soldiers"?
1659447091 20 hours ago [-]
not the op here.
I don't, generally, disagree with you--there is no way every single one of them deeply identified as a Nazi--especially when coercion is involved.
However, as for the comparison with American slavery...many people stood up, said no to slavery, and lost lives because of it--they didn't just stick their head in the sand nor did they continue those ways since "everyone" else did, otherwise we would still have slavery. Maybe because this did not seem to happen in WWII Germany, or at least on a large enough scale of division within German loyalties, (as happened with American slavery), it bolsters the view of/comes across as WWII Germans full buy-in
bryanrasmussen 8 hours ago [-]
Actually in the article it was noted a bit, but not focused on overmuch, but most white resistance to slavery - in supporting the underground railroad was through groups like the Quakers - that is to say specific sub societies, and black people, which given that if you were black and living in a non-slave owning territory you could still be kidnapped and brought into slaver - as in 12 years a slave - may have had some self-interest as well as empathy for their less fortunate brothers and sisters involved in it.
Aside from that the German situation was very short time frame - it may have some effect on resistance.
lolinder 18 hours ago [-]
> they didn't just stick their head in the sand nor did they continue those ways since "everyone" else did, otherwise we would still have slavery.
Slavery didn't end in the US until the end of the Civil War in 1865—246 years after the first enslaved people arrived in Jamestown. It's grossly unfair to take the eventual success of abolitionism to try to argue that there must have been less German opposition to Nazism than American opposition to slavery.
For the vast majority of American history, nearly everyone did "just stick their head in the sand" and "continue those ways". At best they fought to avoid expanding slavery, trying to keep it contained to the South.
For people who "stood up, said no to slavery, and lost lives because of it" you might be thinking about the likes of John Brown, but he died in 1859. If Nazism took as long to abolish as American slavery we'd have expected a John Brown to come along around the year 2173. Instead, we have dozens of well-known stories of opposition starting from before Hitler even took power.
aguaviva 1 days ago [-]
You're getting downvoted because what you're saying is just historically wrong.
You can call them all "bad" if you want. But (regardless of whether they committed war crimes) the Nazis and the armed forces were different (though obviously overlapping) subsets. This is not an academic distinction at all, and is extremely important if one is to understand how the dictatorship and the Final Solution actually worked.
> This is not an academic distinction at all, and is extremely important if one is to understand how the dictatorship and the Final Solution actually worked.
Exactly. And understanding this is vitally important—labeling every member of the German military a "Nazi" can create the dangerous illusion that the ratio of nut jobs to normal people in 1930s Germany was dramatically different than it is in 2020s USA/UK/EU/wherever, but it's not. The ratios were about the same, and most people who were complicit in the Nazi atrocities were complicit in a very passive, "don't stand out" kind of way.
Exaggerating the number of true Nazis ironically makes it more likely that something similar will happen again because it creates the false impression that you need some sort of overwhelming consensus in favor of pure evil to end up with a Hitler in charge. It allows us to let our guard down because we know that we aren't surrounded by Nazis, so such a thing must be very far away indeed, right?
wutwutwat 23 hours ago [-]
> The German Army (German: Heer, German: [heːɐ̯] ⓘ; lit. 'army') was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht,[b] the regular armed forces of Nazi Germany, from 1935 until it effectively ceased to exist in 1945 and then was formally dissolved in August 1946.[4] During World War II, a total of about 13.6 million volunteers and conscripts served in the German Army.
So far, seems one army existed. The German army. That army was the army of Nazi Germany. that army was Nazi Germany‘s army.
> The Wehrmacht (German pronunciation: [ˈveːɐ̯maxt] ⓘ, lit. 'defence force') were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force). The designation "Wehrmacht" replaced the previously used term Reichswehr (Reich Defence) and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.[11]
Here’s probably the most important thing to read, because it directly disproves you
> After the death of President Paul von Hindenburg on 2 August 1934, Adolf Hitler assumed the office of President of Germany, and thus became commander in chief. In February 1934, the Defence Minister Werner von Blomberg, acting on his own initiative, had all of the Jews serving in the Reichswehr given an automatic and immediate dishonorable discharge.[33] Again, on his own initiative Blomberg had the armed forces adopt Nazi symbols into their uniforms in May 1934.[34] In August of the same year, on Blomberg's initiative and that of the Ministeramt chief General Walther von Reichenau, the entire military took the Hitler oath, an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.
The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
aguaviva 23 hours ago [-]
Here’s probably the most important thing to read, because it directly disproves you
It's not the snippets you're quoting that are wrong. You're just reading them wrong, and drawing plainly broken inferences from them.
For example, the statement "Army X was a manifestation of the Y regime's Z" does not imply the statement "Army X is simply a subset of Y" or even "Everyone in Army X basically agreed with Y". Of course it doesn't. Any more than being a member of the Red Army meant that one was communist, simply because it happens to be true that "The Red Army was the army of Soviet Russia".
Similarly, this idea that people taking an oath to anyone or their platitudes means, in all cases, they actually believe that oath, and that what the oath says describes what they believe. In the context of the huge fact that not everyone who joined the various fighting units did so voluntarily -- in fact a large majority were outright drafted (or shoehorned from civilian law enforcement roles, including many regular policemen).
Does that excuse them of culpability in what they may have done -- obviously not. But to think they simply believed everything they were asked to believe at face value goes against everything we know about human nature, and the basic social reality of was going on in Germany and Europe at the time. And about the fundamental psychological and operational mechanics by which the Final Solution worked.
And then there's this:
That army was the army of Nazi Germany. That army was Nazi Germany‘s army.
As if simply calling Germany "Nazi Germany" adds some weight to the point you're trying to make. Of course it doesn't. As a simple, direct proof of this -- let's just drop the unnecessary instances of your favorite word in that sentence:
That army was the army of Germany. That army was Germany‘s army.
And ask ourselves how much sense it makes.
wutwutwat 21 hours ago [-]
> After the death of President Paul von Hindenburg on 2 August 1934, Adolf Hitler assumed the office of President of Germany, and thus became commander in chief. In February 1934, the Defence Minister Werner von Blomberg, acting on his own initiative, had all of the Jews serving in the Reichswehr given an automatic and immediate dishonorable discharge.[33] Again, on his own initiative Blomberg had the armed forces adopt Nazi symbols into their uniforms in May 1934.[34] In August of the same year, on Blomberg's initiative and that of the Ministeramt chief General Walther von Reichenau, the entire military took the Hitler oath, an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.
The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
Only one way to read it. The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
aguaviva 21 hours ago [-]
Only one way to read it.
Which means we're definitely talking past each other.
BenFranklin100 53 minutes ago [-]
You are getting downvoted because we are witnessing the beginning of the rehabilitation of WWII Germany. Contemporary leftists view politics through an oppressor-oppressed framework and Jews belong to the oppressor class. Acknowledging the widespread, virulent antisemitism in 1930s Germany lends sympathy to Jews. In turn, this sympathy lends legitimacy to the establishment of the state of Israel. As such, Leftists are attempting to characterize Nazis and antisemitism as a minority movement in 1920-30s Germany. The end goal is to paint the Holocaust as simply one of many historical genocides, and one which is equivalent to what has happened in Palestine over the last 20 years.
ajuc 24 hours ago [-]
I agree we shouldn't let "regular Germans" from that time escape the responsibility for WW2. Be it through voting for Hitler, supporting nazis in other ways, or simply ignoring the threat and not uniting and voting against Hitler before it was too late.
But you wrote "every soldier in German military" which is just wrong. German military had many soldiers forcibly drafted from occupied countries. One famous example is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Tusk
People downvote you because you were confidently wrong.
josefx 17 hours ago [-]
> Be it through voting for Hitler, supporting nazis in other ways, or simply ignoring the threat and not uniting and voting against Hitler before it was too late.
You seem to be ignorant of how badly democracy worked in the Weimar Republic. The Weimar Republic never had an elected government, every attempt to form one failed. While the elections had an effect on the composition of the Reichstag all positions of power ended up getting assigned round robin style. The Nazis established their control of the country through emergency legislation passed to deal with terrorism, which let them bypass the Reichstag almost entirely. When the Nazis called for a vote in the Reichstag at gunpoint to establish Hitler as the Fuhrer they had to fudge attendance records because most elected members of parliament where either dead or in prison.
ajuc 14 hours ago [-]
> You seem to be ignorant of how badly democracy worked in the Weimar Republic
And whose fault is that? If you fail to fix your country political system for long enough - you get dictatorship and eventually war. There's nobody responsible for it other than citizens of that country.
Whose fault is it that USA democracy is turning into oligarchy? Politicians - sure, but these politicians keep getting elected despite gerrymandering, taking billions in "lobbying" for tax cuts, openly lying, ignoring obvious systemic problems, etc.
Whose fault is it, that Putin could invade Ukraine and kill hundreds of thousands of people? Regular Russians had a faulty democracy and decided to do nothing as it was dismantled step by step. Now they are sent to die murdering innocent people.
Ultimately you can't escape the responsibility for your country. If you did nothing - you're an accomplice.
josefx 9 hours ago [-]
> for long enough
The German empire underwent revolts during the end of WWI. They just missed the mark a bit. Instead of Willhelm II they should have gotten rid of Hindenburg, who starting 1916 was singlehandedly in charge of the German military and refused every peace offer until the empire was left without allies and struggled with countless internal revolts. Instead of taking the blame for prolonging the war he walked away smelling like roses, helped establish the Weimar Republic and played a key role in it to its end where he got cosy with the Nazis, directly aiding their rise to power.
In short, people tried to fix things, they got rid of Willhelm II and got Hitlers best buddy instead.
ajuc 8 hours ago [-]
> The German empire underwent revolts during the end of WWI
By communists and far-right :) Where were the pro-democratic mainstream protests? It was the communists (USSR) and nazis (3rd Reich) who started WW2 after being unchecked for 2 decades.
> Instead of Willhelm II they should have gotten rid of Hindenburg, who starting 1916 was singlehandedly in charge of the German military and refused every peace offer until the empire was left without allies and struggled with countless internal revolts. Instead of taking the blame for prolonging the war he walked away smelling like roses, helped establish the Weimar Republic
Is this view mainsteam in modern Germany? Considering how popular the Stab-in-the-Back theory was in interwar period I would think prolonging the war more, letting german cities be occupied etc. - would have resulted in nazis losing popularity not gaining it. So if anything - Hindenburg mistake was the opposite - saving German infrastructure and lives at the cost of making Germans conspiracy theorists and nazis.
But nevermind the WW1 peace treaty. Nazis could have been stopped at many points. If socialists managed to work with communists for one thing (but then again - Germany was already training their army in secret in USSR at that point after Rapallo, so it's probably not realistic).
The problem is that Germans seemed to protest in favour of extremes more often and more violently than against them. So extremes won.
BTW it might seem like I single out Germans. But in my country - Poland - democracy failed in a very similar way in 1926. And people were at fault too. Keeping the country democratic is the responsibility of citizens.
23 hours ago [-]
wutwutwat 23 hours ago [-]
> I agree we shouldn't let "regular Germans" from that time escape the responsibility for WW2. Be it through voting for Hitler, supporting nazis in other ways, or simply ignoring the threat and not uniting and voting against Hitler before it was too late.
I did not say any of this, ever. Read my comment. Don’t put words in my mouth.
> After the death of President Paul von Hindenburg on 2 August 1934, Adolf Hitler assumed the office of President of Germany, and thus became commander in chief. In February 1934, the Defence Minister Werner von Blomberg, acting on his own initiative, had all of the Jews serving in the Reichswehr given an automatic and immediate dishonorable discharge.[33] Again, on his own initiative Blomberg had the armed forces adopt Nazi symbols into their uniforms in May 1934.[34] In August of the same year, on Blomberg's initiative and that of the Ministeramt chief General Walther von Reichenau, the entire military took the Hitler oath, an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht
The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
Teever 21 hours ago [-]
Have you taken any history courses on this subject, or have any sort of academic experience that would make you qualified to take the position that you're taking here with such confidence?
ajuc 8 hours ago [-]
> I did not say any of this, ever. Read my comment. Don’t put words in my mouth.
Sorry, my bad. I assumed if you blame innocent people you'd also blame people who were actually responsible.
> The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
And forced hundreds of thousands of innocent people from occupied countries to join it. Many of which escaped as soon as it was possible and fought against them when they could.
Archelaos 1 days ago [-]
> I was kinda curious if Nazi and German WWII soldier is equivalent.
Try this excersise: Define "Nazi" and then see whether every German WWII soldier fits the definition.
Additional excersise: Define it that way that no Allied soldier fits the definition.
Then check whether the definition makes any sense as a political distinction.
I never came across one.
1 days ago [-]
GloomyBoots 18 hours ago [-]
This is very nitpicky, but “Nazi” always seems out of place to me in historical discussions. It’s a derisive nickname mainly used by their opponents. It’s convenient, sure, and more recognizable than “national socialist” in popular culture. I use it as well, but it always feels a little goofy, like talking about “commies” in an otherwise serious discussion.
Rebelgecko 18 hours ago [-]
Is this comment a new subtype of nerdsniping?
ggm 13 hours ago [-]
Yes. Pedantry is the new normal. I did nazi that coming.
BenFranklin100 1 days ago [-]
Is woke-washing the Nazis a thing now?
“soldier collected ancient coins as a hobby or perhaps exchanged or acquired them during his military movements” is an interesting way to describe stolen war goods.
dh2022 1 days ago [-]
My home country of Romania was basically under German occupation through most of WWII. My grand mother lived in a village before,during, and a little bit after WWII. German soldiers did not loot - they paid for whatever food stuffs they got from the village. At a different scale: the German government paid the Romanian Corporations for all the oil and grains they bought to supply their war effort. Germans were remembered fondly by Romanians.
The subsequent occupation by the Russian Red Army music less so…
lostlogin 22 hours ago [-]
> Germans were remembered fondly by Romanians.
Presumably not true for Jews. However pogroms were occurring pre-occupation, so maybe it’s much of a muchness once you’re being eradicated.
> Romania was basically under German occupation through most of WWII.
that's not correct. Romania was an independent country, with a king, government, etc. Romania was allied to Germany, and there was a German presence, but the Germans did not exercise any power. In fact, there was a "palace coup" that switch alliances in 1944.
dh2022 22 hours ago [-]
Germans did not exercise any power… other than telling Romanians to send their troops to Don’s bend, and to Sevastopol. Or not selling any of their oil to anybody else. Or basically telling the Romanian Prime Minister Antonescu to suck it up while Hungary took a big chunk of Transylvania.
About the coup: it took place on Aug 23, 1944. The Red Army already took all of Moldovan and was gunning for the Carpathian Mountains. The German front broke yet again. That was the end of German influence in Romania: at the end of September 1944 Arab was ‘eliberated’ by the Red Army.
the_af 7 hours ago [-]
> At a different scale: the German government paid the Romanian Corporations for all the oil and grains they bought to supply their war effort.
I already mentioned in another comment that Romania wasn't "under German occupation", but this bit I'm quoting here is also false.
Germany theoretically paid Romania but in practice it defaulted in most/all payments, so that Romanians got nothing for their oil. It was a major problem that eroded public support for the Axis and made poverty worse in Romania. Again, not something that helped Romanians regard the Germans "fondly".
inglor_cz 1 days ago [-]
True, but this guy fell in Poland, which was treated harshly by the Nazis, and probably fought in the USSR, where the behavior of the Nazis was absolutely unhinged. I would consider looting much more probable in that region.
Romania was, at least theoretically, an ally of Germany, so (non-Jewish) Romanians got treated better than conquered nations like Poles, who were Slavic and thus lower on the racial totem pole.
the_af 22 hours ago [-]
> My home country of Romania was basically under German occupation through most of WWII [...] Germans were remembered fondly by Romanians
Romania was an Axis ally under a fascist dictator, Antonescu, and was not under German occupation. Why would Germans steal or loot from a willing ally? Romanian troops participated with around 280,000 to 380,000 Jewish deaths to the Holocaust. I suppose Jews in Romania don't remember their German "allies" too fondly.
> The subsequent occupation by the Russian Red Army music less so…
The Soviet (not Russian) Red Army was indeed brutal with former Axis allies. It shouldn't come as a surprise that siding with Nazi Germany was retroactively a terrible choice.
dh2022 22 hours ago [-]
Germany had complete control of the country. When Hitler decided to give Hungary a big chunk of Transylvania Romania army could not what they really wanted: ie fight the Hungarians. [0]
Instead they had to suck it up and march East into Russia proper.
Germany did not have "complete control" of Romania. It was not a country under occupation. It was a willing ally, with a fascist dictator in charge: Antonescu. I think what you're describing is that Romania was not a peer on equal standing with Nazi Germany.
Romanian troops took part, willingly, of Nazi death squad actions.
Furthermore, Jews in Romania didn't remember the Germans "fondly".
dh2022 21 hours ago [-]
You are saying that giving up a chunk of their territory because Germany told them so does not mean Romania was under Germany’s control. That is the quality of your post. Pretty much the same quality in everything else you wrote (like for example what you wrote about the Einsatzngruppen troops)
aguaviva 18 hours ago [-]
Alas, you are mistaken.
Simply put: there's a huge difference between being outright conquered, occupied, and subject to the control of a puppet regime (like Poland, Ukraine, Greece), and the local regime proactively deciding to form an alliance (as did the governments of Hungary, Finland, and Romania). Even if that decision was made under a considerable degree of duress.
That's just the basic storyline of the war. And it's all I have time for. But trust me, just take another look at the basic event chronology and you'll easily see why.
the_af 18 hours ago [-]
Yes, I'm saying that being forced to make concessions to a more powerful ally doesn't make them "entirely under the control of Germany". Furthermore, the loss of territory you mentioned was before the coup that put Antonescu in power and had Romania join the Axis.
You wrote your initial comment stating a patent falsehood: that Romania was "basically under German occupation". It was under nothing of the sort. Their fascist dictatorship eagerly helped the Germans and it's officially considered part of the Axis (just not one of the major three powers).
> (like for example what you wrote about the Einsatzngruppen troops)
Romanian troops participated in the Odessa massacre and, as one of the Axis nations other than Germany most involved on the Eastern Front, participated in Einsatzkommando actions.
And the point still stands: Romanian Jews certainly don't remember the Germans "fondly".
mossTechnician 1 days ago [-]
I don't know if it's applicable here, but the title reminded me of how TikTok and YouTube encourage users to use innuendos for things - another well-known one is "unalive" in place of "murder" or "kill." And it's actually entering our lexicon.
This isn't intended to be a dig at the archaeology blog (pun intended) but it's just something that reminded me of this shift.
HPsquared 1 days ago [-]
I suppose archaeologists strive to stick to the evidence and avoid presumptions.
InDubioProRubio 1 days ago [-]
If social reality is a fabric not giving in, and instead your story starts collapsing in on itself, you can always try to edit reality out of history.
BenFranklin100 1 days ago [-]
I have no idea what this means and I’m not sure you do either.
otwall 1 days ago [-]
“Stolen war goods” is an interesting way describe a handful of antique coins.
heysammy 1 days ago [-]
It is for people who see themselves in others and get offended, apparently.
Spooky23 1 days ago [-]
Yes. We’re in the new era of the big lie.
All of the witnesses to the war are dead, so we’re now doing the equivalent of “Dur dur, my great grand cousin from Mississippi was standing up for their heritage” (as opposed to having been drafted to defend an aristocrat’s ability to own humans) treatment.
Now we’ll start hearing about central and Northern Europeans who were defending themselves from godless communists and woke French aggressors. The “just following orders” excuse is not necessary, as those folks are questioning whether anything happened that required that defense.
skinkestek 1 days ago [-]
What?
heraldgeezer 24 hours ago [-]
[flagged]
IncreasePosts 1 days ago [-]
Saying all German WWII soldiers were Nazis would be like saying all current US soldiers are Democrats.
Yes but it would be accruate to describe all US soldiers as defenders of republican democracy, specifically that outlined in the US constitution. Defending the constitution is the heart of the oath. If that constitution was altered, as is can legally be, then all active US soldiers would become supporters of whatever form of government is described therein. Not being a member of a paticular party does not free a soldier from being described as a supporter of the government they serve.
This is not just theoretical. Many US soldiers refused to recognize Obama as legitimate. Those soldiers were shown the door. A similar transition will occur in a few weeks.
The whole big point of the Holocaust that everyone was supposed to have learned is that not only did one not have to be a "Nazi" (or even particularly sympathize with the regime or its ideology) in order to be an active or passive collaborator.
All you had to do was keep your head down, and do what you were told.
No, it isn't. In the context it is normally used, Nazi soldier means a soldier that was part of the Nazi Germany army.
It's like saying that CCP soldiers can't be called CCP because they might not necessarily hold communist ideologies themselves.
heraldgeezer 24 hours ago [-]
No, lefties LOVE calling everything "Nazis" that they don't like. *not american
astrange 23 hours ago [-]
You can't be complaining like this about a /WW2 German soldier/.
gigatexal 12 hours ago [-]
Time traveling Nazis! ;-)
MrMcCall 4 hours ago [-]
"Working their way from the ground on down." --Ben Harper
Even in death, we're all time travelling ;-)
1 days ago [-]
sandworm101 1 days ago [-]
>> The first surprise was the discovery of a pit containing the remains of a German soldier, likely fallen in battle in February 1945 during the fights over the Grzybek bridge in the final days of World War II. However, what seemed to be a significant find soon revealed additional secrets, leading the team to an even older and extraordinary discovery.
Contrary to almost all comments so far, the dead soldier and the artifacts are not related. And this is not a grave. This is where a soldier fell. A grave is where someone is buried, not the place where they were killed and lost to history. The soldier may have been wounded and hiding in the pit, or literally fell atop, but would not have been burried there by anyone. The older artifacts were there long before ww2.
romanhn 1 days ago [-]
Literally from the article:
"Popkiewicz believes these coins may have belonged to the German soldier, possibly a numismatics enthusiast, as they hail from several countries the German 73rd Infantry Division likely traversed, to which the soldier may have belonged. The hypothesis suggests that the soldier collected ancient coins as a hobby or perhaps exchanged or acquired them during his military movements."
MrMcCall 4 hours ago [-]
They're calling looting a hobby?
BenFranklin100 1 hours ago [-]
Careful now. My comment was flagged and removed for suggesting the soldier was a Nazi who was looting.
Arainach 1 days ago [-]
In practice, the term grave is often used for any final resting place whether intentionally buried or not e.g. "watery grave".
tokai 1 days ago [-]
He could very well have been buried. Getting rid of the corpses after a battle is important.
sandworm101 1 days ago [-]
A modern battlefield grave is identifiable. Any trained archaeologist would spot such a grave, describe and most likely report it to authorities. There are recognizable signs. We dont dispose of dead soldiers in unmarked pits, not individuals.
lukan 12 hours ago [-]
"We dont dispose of dead soldiers in unmarked pits, not individuals."
Not sure if I understand you right, but unmarked pits were very much a common thing in the last days of WW2 in europe. Plenty of dead individuals, no one knew where they belonged and not much interest to find out.
sandworm101 11 hours ago [-]
Where there were lots of bodies, pits were used. But a lone body would have been burried differently. Even in the wars today, pits are only used when necessary to dispose of large numbers. Single dead soldiers can be put in proper graves as time/manpower is not an issue with a single body.
lukan 10 hours ago [-]
Have you ever dug out a grave for a human?
I didn't, only for a dog and this was already tough work in stony ground. Add frozen ground and the need to care to other things(and maybe no shovel), like surviving the last days of war and I can imagine many dead bodies not getting proper graves.
chgs 4 hours ago [-]
I think that’s the point. That work isn’t going to be done for a single unidentified corpse on a battlefield.
lukan 2 hours ago [-]
"Single dead soldiers can be put in proper graves as time/manpower is not an issue with a single body"
Just desputing the non issue claim here.
Arainach 23 hours ago [-]
By February 1945 the war was going poor enough for Germany that it's unlikely all such graves had full procedures followed.
Teever 21 hours ago [-]
All modern battlefield graves are identifiable as such?
That seems like the kind of bold and all encompassing statement that would be trivial to prove incorrect.
sandworm101 11 hours ago [-]
There are teams of people who go out to dig up battlefield graves. Soldiers know this. So, if they have to bury someone, they generally mark the site. Bodies are also laid out with a degree of dignity, not tossed. In very simple terms, soldiers in modern conflict tend to die face-down. A battlefield grave will have the body face-up, covered in loose earth, and positioned like they were lying in a flat bed. A body crumpled up in a pit is almost certainly not a battlefield grave.
(Soldiers dont bury bodies while under fire. The burials happen after the battle is over by whatever side now holds the ground.)
JimmyWilliams1 1 days ago [-]
[dead]
hulitu 9 days ago [-]
> German WWII Soldier Grave Found with Mesolithic Tools, Roman and Byzantine Coins
It is amazing what a bomb does to the surounding landscape. /s
Rendered at 20:53:50 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time) with Vercel.
That's what They want you to believe!, for sure some conspiracy theorists will run with this, and probably be guests on Joe Rogan Podcast.
A soldier had to carry everything with him, and as we know from the documents of the time the gold and watches were naturally among the most frequent loot items carried by them (sidenote: widespread motorized infantry armor has changed the game since then - the BTRs and BMPs in the Chechen war for example were full of rags and electronics that the Russian soldiers looted from the Chechen homes). The soldier in the article seems to have correctly decided that the ancient coins 1. may be more valuable than gold, 2. there is less competition looting local historic museum, and 3. if you're taken prisoner carrying those ancient artifacts you're less likely to be shot as a marauder than with say a pocket full of golden teeth - even today in this article they call him a "numismatics enthusiast".
> people even of supposedly “normal” mind are prepared to accept systems of delusions for the simple reason that it is too difficult to distinguish such systems from the equally inexorable and equally opaque one under which they actually have to live out their lives. This is pretty well reflected by astrology as well by the two brands of totalitarian states which also claim to have a key for everything, know all the answers, reduce the complex to simple and mechanical inferences, doing away with anything that is strange and unknown and at the same time fail to explain anything.
https://www.telospress.com/adorno-on-astrology/
I suppose it is easy to find evidence in today's society as well.
To misunderstand this (and apply the N-word to all of the regime's footsoldiers and helpers) is to fundamentally midunderstand how the dictatorship worked, and got so many millions of ordinary people to trudge along and do its dirty work. Or to at least shut up and try not to think too much about whatever they saw and heard.
Totalitarianism uses many mechanism to fabricate cooperation.
From an academic point of view it seems not. But from a popular point of view it probably is.
Some threads I found on the topic.
https://www.reddit.com/r/history/comments/40gq95/is_it_fair_...
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3hw2fv/comme...
More than a purely academic point of view, the distinction actually does matter. It's the difference between someone who affirmatively made a choice to join the Nazi organization and someone who simply didn't actively decide to dodge the draft or desert. The level of agency invested into the Nazi cause varies dramatically, and it's useful to have language that can distinguish between those shades.
We can get into philosophical discussions about whether it's worse to affirmatively support evil than to just go with the flow and not make waves either way, but that's more than an academic discussion—it has real relevance for today.
Their officers had skulls on their uniforms. They were rounding up and slaughtering people they viewed as less than them, they had posters in the streets painting them as rodents and infections.
Nobody saw all of that and said “well, I don’t want to dodge a draft, I better just sign up and do this evil shit, it’s my moral duty to serve”. Nobody was blind to what was happening and nobody accidentally went and did those things without believing they were somehow right. They were doing those things because they wanted to, the same way everything any person does when they have something that they have the power over to choose between.
Edit: not sure why I’m getting downvoted. Downvote the people trying to claim German soldiers in wwII were not nazis.
>Nobody saw all of that and said “well, I don’t want to dodge a draft...
Nobody saw all of that and said, shit if I dodge the draft they may give me the death penalty, no wait I'm wrong - that's exactly what they said.
You also do not seem to have any particular dividing line between say, soldiers who were underage (later years of war) or actual adults?
This article on American slavery seems to pertain here too https://medium.com/luminasticity/what-makes-you-think-you-wo... - what makes you think you would have been better - not you now, but a you born in Germany during the great Depression, came of age as World War II started, drafted into the Army but because of your character you would be able to stand against your society, your friends, the law and say no, I won't go. I'm not saying that's impossible, but it is rare.
On what grounds of your character do you think you would be better than most of the population at that time? What great wrong have you opposed to your detriment and personal danger?
Again - it may be that you would be better than almost everybody else at the time. But it seems more people think they would be than seems statistically possible, based on nothing other than being born "now" and knowing it is wrong "now", I would like some sterner examples of character to back up the moral self-regard.
> After the death of President Paul von Hindenburg on 2 August 1934, Adolf Hitler assumed the office of President of Germany, and thus became commander in chief. In February 1934, the Defence Minister Werner von Blomberg, acting on his own initiative, had all of the Jews serving in the Reichswehr given an automatic and immediate dishonorable discharge.[33] Again, on his own initiative Blomberg had the armed forces adopt Nazi symbols into their uniforms in May 1934.[34] In August of the same year, on Blomberg's initiative and that of the Ministeramt chief General Walther von Reichenau, the entire military took the Hitler oath, an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht
The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
I also said that towards the end of the war Germany used underage soldiers - meaning as young as 16, I did not directly ask but implied that perhaps you did not think that underage soldiers were as culpable of being Nazis as the adults, but I see now by your strong commitment to your moral stature that I was wrong.
I finally asked just what makes you think you would have been good and able to resist the pressure to go in the army, which you didn't answer. You have done an admirable job in opposing every response to you with copy pasted Wikipedia content it's true, but I'm afraid I wanted some more hard-nosed and non-online behaviors to confirm the ability to stand against evil.
I don't think that's what this everyone-was-a-Nazi language is accomplishing, though. When someone uses the word "Nazi" they mean someone who is entirely unlike themselves or most people they know.
If we lean into this language, we risk forgetting that the vast majority of Germans in the 1930s were no different than the vast majority of us today—they had lives, jobs, families, and they looked the other way or even participated because they didn't want to rock the boat and risk those things. They were not Nazis, they were just citizens, but they enabled genocide.
I don't think that embracing the label "Nazi" for everyday Germans who never joined the party (and maybe even voted against Hitler when there was still a vote!) will scare people into standing up if they end up in a similar situation, it will just serve to create the sense that "1930s Germany was a really awful place with a lot of awful people and aren't I glad that I don't live there?"
If we take the approach instead of talking about how many ordinary people aided and abetted the Nazi cause by being silent—how they committed war crimes without ever being a Nazi—I think that will actually be more effective at teaching people how to avoid recreating the Third Reich.
Doesn’t take many people to actually hold a nazi ideology to make it come to pass.
After all, “ The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing”
Simplifying into “nazi” and “not nazi” is not helpful
Also:
Nazi imagery now symbolizes ultimate evil, but that's the effect of history and reflection and cultural symbols changing. Fascism, including in 1930s Germany, is always packaged up in appealing packaging. It seems appealing, promising national revival and cherished values.
People didn't sign up for overt evil; they got swept up in something that appeared reasonable and popular, or just said nothing about the same.
This is the real lesson that I think we're losing; that it's possible to be an ordinary person of ordinary good morals, and to support terrible crimes happening if one isn't careful.
I don't, generally, disagree with you--there is no way every single one of them deeply identified as a Nazi--especially when coercion is involved.
However, as for the comparison with American slavery...many people stood up, said no to slavery, and lost lives because of it--they didn't just stick their head in the sand nor did they continue those ways since "everyone" else did, otherwise we would still have slavery. Maybe because this did not seem to happen in WWII Germany, or at least on a large enough scale of division within German loyalties, (as happened with American slavery), it bolsters the view of/comes across as WWII Germans full buy-in
Aside from that the German situation was very short time frame - it may have some effect on resistance.
Slavery didn't end in the US until the end of the Civil War in 1865—246 years after the first enslaved people arrived in Jamestown. It's grossly unfair to take the eventual success of abolitionism to try to argue that there must have been less German opposition to Nazism than American opposition to slavery.
For the vast majority of American history, nearly everyone did "just stick their head in the sand" and "continue those ways". At best they fought to avoid expanding slavery, trying to keep it contained to the South.
For people who "stood up, said no to slavery, and lost lives because of it" you might be thinking about the likes of John Brown, but he died in 1859. If Nazism took as long to abolish as American slavery we'd have expected a John Brown to come along around the year 2173. Instead, we have dozens of well-known stories of opposition starting from before Hitler even took power.
You can call them all "bad" if you want. But (regardless of whether they committed war crimes) the Nazis and the armed forces were different (though obviously overlapping) subsets. This is not an academic distinction at all, and is extremely important if one is to understand how the dictatorship and the Final Solution actually worked.
See also: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42276731
Exactly. And understanding this is vitally important—labeling every member of the German military a "Nazi" can create the dangerous illusion that the ratio of nut jobs to normal people in 1930s Germany was dramatically different than it is in 2020s USA/UK/EU/wherever, but it's not. The ratios were about the same, and most people who were complicit in the Nazi atrocities were complicit in a very passive, "don't stand out" kind of way.
Exaggerating the number of true Nazis ironically makes it more likely that something similar will happen again because it creates the false impression that you need some sort of overwhelming consensus in favor of pure evil to end up with a Hitler in charge. It allows us to let our guard down because we know that we aren't surrounded by Nazis, so such a thing must be very far away indeed, right?
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%9319...
So far, seems one army existed. The German army. That army was the army of Nazi Germany. that army was Nazi Germany‘s army.
> The Wehrmacht (German pronunciation: [ˈveːɐ̯maxt] ⓘ, lit. 'defence force') were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force). The designation "Wehrmacht" replaced the previously used term Reichswehr (Reich Defence) and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.[11]
Here’s probably the most important thing to read, because it directly disproves you
> After the death of President Paul von Hindenburg on 2 August 1934, Adolf Hitler assumed the office of President of Germany, and thus became commander in chief. In February 1934, the Defence Minister Werner von Blomberg, acting on his own initiative, had all of the Jews serving in the Reichswehr given an automatic and immediate dishonorable discharge.[33] Again, on his own initiative Blomberg had the armed forces adopt Nazi symbols into their uniforms in May 1934.[34] In August of the same year, on Blomberg's initiative and that of the Ministeramt chief General Walther von Reichenau, the entire military took the Hitler oath, an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht
The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
It's not the snippets you're quoting that are wrong. You're just reading them wrong, and drawing plainly broken inferences from them.
For example, the statement "Army X was a manifestation of the Y regime's Z" does not imply the statement "Army X is simply a subset of Y" or even "Everyone in Army X basically agreed with Y". Of course it doesn't. Any more than being a member of the Red Army meant that one was communist, simply because it happens to be true that "The Red Army was the army of Soviet Russia".
Similarly, this idea that people taking an oath to anyone or their platitudes means, in all cases, they actually believe that oath, and that what the oath says describes what they believe. In the context of the huge fact that not everyone who joined the various fighting units did so voluntarily -- in fact a large majority were outright drafted (or shoehorned from civilian law enforcement roles, including many regular policemen).
Does that excuse them of culpability in what they may have done -- obviously not. But to think they simply believed everything they were asked to believe at face value goes against everything we know about human nature, and the basic social reality of was going on in Germany and Europe at the time. And about the fundamental psychological and operational mechanics by which the Final Solution worked.
And then there's this:
As if simply calling Germany "Nazi Germany" adds some weight to the point you're trying to make. Of course it doesn't. As a simple, direct proof of this -- let's just drop the unnecessary instances of your favorite word in that sentence: And ask ourselves how much sense it makes.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht
The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
Only one way to read it. The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
Which means we're definitely talking past each other.
But you wrote "every soldier in German military" which is just wrong. German military had many soldiers forcibly drafted from occupied countries. One famous example is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Tusk
People downvote you because you were confidently wrong.
You seem to be ignorant of how badly democracy worked in the Weimar Republic. The Weimar Republic never had an elected government, every attempt to form one failed. While the elections had an effect on the composition of the Reichstag all positions of power ended up getting assigned round robin style. The Nazis established their control of the country through emergency legislation passed to deal with terrorism, which let them bypass the Reichstag almost entirely. When the Nazis called for a vote in the Reichstag at gunpoint to establish Hitler as the Fuhrer they had to fudge attendance records because most elected members of parliament where either dead or in prison.
And whose fault is that? If you fail to fix your country political system for long enough - you get dictatorship and eventually war. There's nobody responsible for it other than citizens of that country.
Whose fault is it that USA democracy is turning into oligarchy? Politicians - sure, but these politicians keep getting elected despite gerrymandering, taking billions in "lobbying" for tax cuts, openly lying, ignoring obvious systemic problems, etc.
Whose fault is it, that Putin could invade Ukraine and kill hundreds of thousands of people? Regular Russians had a faulty democracy and decided to do nothing as it was dismantled step by step. Now they are sent to die murdering innocent people.
Ultimately you can't escape the responsibility for your country. If you did nothing - you're an accomplice.
The German empire underwent revolts during the end of WWI. They just missed the mark a bit. Instead of Willhelm II they should have gotten rid of Hindenburg, who starting 1916 was singlehandedly in charge of the German military and refused every peace offer until the empire was left without allies and struggled with countless internal revolts. Instead of taking the blame for prolonging the war he walked away smelling like roses, helped establish the Weimar Republic and played a key role in it to its end where he got cosy with the Nazis, directly aiding their rise to power.
In short, people tried to fix things, they got rid of Willhelm II and got Hitlers best buddy instead.
By communists and far-right :) Where were the pro-democratic mainstream protests? It was the communists (USSR) and nazis (3rd Reich) who started WW2 after being unchecked for 2 decades.
> Instead of Willhelm II they should have gotten rid of Hindenburg, who starting 1916 was singlehandedly in charge of the German military and refused every peace offer until the empire was left without allies and struggled with countless internal revolts. Instead of taking the blame for prolonging the war he walked away smelling like roses, helped establish the Weimar Republic
Is this view mainsteam in modern Germany? Considering how popular the Stab-in-the-Back theory was in interwar period I would think prolonging the war more, letting german cities be occupied etc. - would have resulted in nazis losing popularity not gaining it. So if anything - Hindenburg mistake was the opposite - saving German infrastructure and lives at the cost of making Germans conspiracy theorists and nazis.
But nevermind the WW1 peace treaty. Nazis could have been stopped at many points. If socialists managed to work with communists for one thing (but then again - Germany was already training their army in secret in USSR at that point after Rapallo, so it's probably not realistic).
The problem is that Germans seemed to protest in favour of extremes more often and more violently than against them. So extremes won.
BTW it might seem like I single out Germans. But in my country - Poland - democracy failed in a very similar way in 1926. And people were at fault too. Keeping the country democratic is the responsibility of citizens.
I did not say any of this, ever. Read my comment. Don’t put words in my mouth.
> After the death of President Paul von Hindenburg on 2 August 1934, Adolf Hitler assumed the office of President of Germany, and thus became commander in chief. In February 1934, the Defence Minister Werner von Blomberg, acting on his own initiative, had all of the Jews serving in the Reichswehr given an automatic and immediate dishonorable discharge.[33] Again, on his own initiative Blomberg had the armed forces adopt Nazi symbols into their uniforms in May 1934.[34] In August of the same year, on Blomberg's initiative and that of the Ministeramt chief General Walther von Reichenau, the entire military took the Hitler oath, an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht
The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
Sorry, my bad. I assumed if you blame innocent people you'd also blame people who were actually responsible.
> The German army adopted Nazi symbols and swore an oath to hitler.
And forced hundreds of thousands of innocent people from occupied countries to join it. Many of which escaped as soon as it was possible and fought against them when they could.
Try this excersise: Define "Nazi" and then see whether every German WWII soldier fits the definition.
Additional excersise: Define it that way that no Allied soldier fits the definition.
Then check whether the definition makes any sense as a political distinction.
I never came across one.
“soldier collected ancient coins as a hobby or perhaps exchanged or acquired them during his military movements” is an interesting way to describe stolen war goods.
The subsequent occupation by the Russian Red Army music less so…
Presumably not true for Jews. However pogroms were occurring pre-occupation, so maybe it’s much of a muchness once you’re being eradicated.
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/romania
that's not correct. Romania was an independent country, with a king, government, etc. Romania was allied to Germany, and there was a German presence, but the Germans did not exercise any power. In fact, there was a "palace coup" that switch alliances in 1944.
About the coup: it took place on Aug 23, 1944. The Red Army already took all of Moldovan and was gunning for the Carpathian Mountains. The German front broke yet again. That was the end of German influence in Romania: at the end of September 1944 Arab was ‘eliberated’ by the Red Army.
I already mentioned in another comment that Romania wasn't "under German occupation", but this bit I'm quoting here is also false.
Germany theoretically paid Romania but in practice it defaulted in most/all payments, so that Romanians got nothing for their oil. It was a major problem that eroded public support for the Axis and made poverty worse in Romania. Again, not something that helped Romanians regard the Germans "fondly".
Romania was, at least theoretically, an ally of Germany, so (non-Jewish) Romanians got treated better than conquered nations like Poles, who were Slavic and thus lower on the racial totem pole.
Romania was an Axis ally under a fascist dictator, Antonescu, and was not under German occupation. Why would Germans steal or loot from a willing ally? Romanian troops participated with around 280,000 to 380,000 Jewish deaths to the Holocaust. I suppose Jews in Romania don't remember their German "allies" too fondly.
> The subsequent occupation by the Russian Red Army music less so…
The Soviet (not Russian) Red Army was indeed brutal with former Axis allies. It shouldn't come as a surprise that siding with Nazi Germany was retroactively a terrible choice.
Instead they had to suck it up and march East into Russia proper.
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Vienna_Award
Romanian troops took part, willingly, of Nazi death squad actions.
Furthermore, Jews in Romania didn't remember the Germans "fondly".
Simply put: there's a huge difference between being outright conquered, occupied, and subject to the control of a puppet regime (like Poland, Ukraine, Greece), and the local regime proactively deciding to form an alliance (as did the governments of Hungary, Finland, and Romania). Even if that decision was made under a considerable degree of duress.
That's just the basic storyline of the war. And it's all I have time for. But trust me, just take another look at the basic event chronology and you'll easily see why.
You wrote your initial comment stating a patent falsehood: that Romania was "basically under German occupation". It was under nothing of the sort. Their fascist dictatorship eagerly helped the Germans and it's officially considered part of the Axis (just not one of the major three powers).
> (like for example what you wrote about the Einsatzngruppen troops)
Romanian troops participated in the Odessa massacre and, as one of the Axis nations other than Germany most involved on the Eastern Front, participated in Einsatzkommando actions.
And the point still stands: Romanian Jews certainly don't remember the Germans "fondly".
This isn't intended to be a dig at the archaeology blog (pun intended) but it's just something that reminded me of this shift.
All of the witnesses to the war are dead, so we’re now doing the equivalent of “Dur dur, my great grand cousin from Mississippi was standing up for their heritage” (as opposed to having been drafted to defend an aristocrat’s ability to own humans) treatment.
Now we’ll start hearing about central and Northern Europeans who were defending themselves from godless communists and woke French aggressors. The “just following orders” excuse is not necessary, as those folks are questioning whether anything happened that required that defense.
Yes but it would be accruate to describe all US soldiers as defenders of republican democracy, specifically that outlined in the US constitution. Defending the constitution is the heart of the oath. If that constitution was altered, as is can legally be, then all active US soldiers would become supporters of whatever form of government is described therein. Not being a member of a paticular party does not free a soldier from being described as a supporter of the government they serve.
This is not just theoretical. Many US soldiers refused to recognize Obama as legitimate. Those soldiers were shown the door. A similar transition will occur in a few weeks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myth_of_the_clean_Wehrmacht
The whole big point of the Holocaust that everyone was supposed to have learned is that not only did one not have to be a "Nazi" (or even particularly sympathize with the regime or its ideology) in order to be an active or passive collaborator.
All you had to do was keep your head down, and do what you were told.
See also: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42276731
It's like saying that CCP soldiers can't be called CCP because they might not necessarily hold communist ideologies themselves.
Even in death, we're all time travelling ;-)
Contrary to almost all comments so far, the dead soldier and the artifacts are not related. And this is not a grave. This is where a soldier fell. A grave is where someone is buried, not the place where they were killed and lost to history. The soldier may have been wounded and hiding in the pit, or literally fell atop, but would not have been burried there by anyone. The older artifacts were there long before ww2.
"Popkiewicz believes these coins may have belonged to the German soldier, possibly a numismatics enthusiast, as they hail from several countries the German 73rd Infantry Division likely traversed, to which the soldier may have belonged. The hypothesis suggests that the soldier collected ancient coins as a hobby or perhaps exchanged or acquired them during his military movements."
Not sure if I understand you right, but unmarked pits were very much a common thing in the last days of WW2 in europe. Plenty of dead individuals, no one knew where they belonged and not much interest to find out.
I didn't, only for a dog and this was already tough work in stony ground. Add frozen ground and the need to care to other things(and maybe no shovel), like surviving the last days of war and I can imagine many dead bodies not getting proper graves.
Just desputing the non issue claim here.
That seems like the kind of bold and all encompassing statement that would be trivial to prove incorrect.
(Soldiers dont bury bodies while under fire. The burials happen after the battle is over by whatever side now holds the ground.)
It is amazing what a bomb does to the surounding landscape. /s